Method and system for communicating between private mesh network and public network

ABSTRACT

A wireless communication system includes a first wireless network having first nodes each assigned a unique first address, a second wireless network having second nodes each assigned a unique second address, a border router node constituting an interface between the second network and a third wireless network, and at least one access point constituting an interface between the first and third networks. At least one of the first nodes is a mesh router node in the first network and a border router node in the second network (MR/BR node). The MR/BR node has unique addresses respectively assigned in the first and second networks. The MR/BR node receives a communication in the first network and transmits it to at least one second node in the second network. The MR/BR node receives a communication in the second network and transmits it to at least one first node in the first network.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/535,321, filed on Jul. 21, 2017.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for enablingcommunication between a private mesh network and a public network.

BACKGROUND

A mesh network is a network topology in which nodes of the network canrelay data for other nodes of the network. An example of a wireless meshnetwork is an advanced meter infrastructure (AMI) system for collectingdata from utility meters (e.g., electricity, gas, water, etc.) or othercommunity service devices (e.g., street lights, traffic signs, etc.),reporting the collected data to a back office system, and communicatingdata between the meters or devices and the back office system. The backoffice system can be located in one location or can be distributedacross multiple locations. In such an AMI system, the meters or publicutility devices each have a computer processor and transceiver (e.g.,network interface card (NIC)) for communicating data between the metersor community service devices and other nodes of the network.Hereinafter, the meters or community service devices equipped with aprocessor and transceiver are collectively referred to as mesh networknodes. The mesh network nodes may transmit data to access points (alsoreferred to as gateways) which serve as an interface between a localarea network (LAN) composed of mesh network nodes, and a separatenetwork through which the access point(s) is/are connected to the backoffice system. The access points may communicate with the back officesystem using a public network, such as a wide area network (WAN) (e.g.,a cellular network). The access points are mesh network nodes becausethey are part of the LAN. The access points are also members of the WANbecause the access points serve as interfaces between the LAN and WAN.

The LAN in which the mesh network nodes and access points are membersmay be a private network, to which access is restricted to approvednetwork nodes and/or mesh network nodes that have the necessarycredentials to be considered as approved network nodes whencommunicating in the private network. There may be a desire, however, toprovide greater flexibility so that nodes in the public network maycommunicate with nodes in the private network. For example, Wi-SUN is aglobal industry alliance promoting interoperable wireless networkingstandards. There may be a desire for a node in one public network suchas a WAN to communicate with mesh network nodes in a private LAN.

SUMMARY

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wirelesscommunication system for communicating between wireless networks. Theexemplary wireless communication system includes a first wirelessnetwork having a plurality of first nodes configured to communicate witheach other over the first wireless network, where each of the pluralityof first nodes in the first wireless network has a respectively uniquefirst address in the first wireless network. The exemplary wirelesscommunication system also includes a second wireless network having aplurality of second nodes configured to communicate with each other overthe second wireless network, the second wireless network being distinctfrom the first wireless network, where each of the plurality of secondnodes in the second wireless network has a respectively unique secondaddress in the second wireless network. In addition, the exemplarywireless communication system includes a border router node constitutingan interface between the plurality of second nodes in the secondwireless network and a third wireless network distinct from the firstand second wireless networks. According to an exemplary embodiment, eachof the plurality of second nodes in the second wireless network beingone hop away from the border router node, respectively. The exemplarywireless communication system also includes at least one access pointconstituting an interface between the plurality of first nodes of thefirst wireless network and the third wireless network. In accordancewith an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the first nodes in thefirst wireless network is a mesh router node in the first wirelessnetwork and a border router node in the second wireless network (MR/BRnode), the MR/BR node constituting an interface between the first andsecond wireless networks, the MR/BR node being configured to communicatewith upstream and downstream nodes in the first wireless network, and tocommunicate with downstream nodes in the second wireless network. TheMR/BR node has both a unique first address in the first wireless networkand a unique second address in the second wireless network. Inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment, the MR/BR node is configured toreceive a first communication in the first wireless network via thefirst address of the MR/BR node and transmit the received firstcommunication to at least one of the second nodes in the second wirelessnetwork, and to receive a second communication in the second wirelessnetwork via the second address of the MR/BR node and transmit thereceived second communication to at least one of the first nodes in thefirst wireless network.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method ofcommunicating in a wireless communication system. In accordance with anexemplary embodiment, the wireless communication system includes a firstwireless network having a plurality of first nodes configured tocommunicate with each other over the first wireless network, where eachof the plurality of first nodes in the first wireless network has arespectively unique first address in the first wireless network. Theexemplary wireless communication system also includes a second wirelessnetwork having a plurality of second nodes configured to communicatewith each other over the second wireless network, the second wirelessnetwork being distinct from the first wireless network, where each ofthe plurality of second nodes in the second wireless network has arespectively unique second address in the second wireless network. Inaddition, the exemplary wireless communication system includes a borderrouter node constituting an interface between the plurality of secondnodes in the second wireless network and a third wireless networkdistinct from the first and second wireless networks. According to anexemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of second nodes in thesecond wireless network being one hop away from the border router node,respectively. The exemplary wireless communication system also includesat least one access point constituting an interface between theplurality of first nodes of the first wireless network and the thirdwireless network. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the methodincludes assigning at least one of the first nodes in the first wirelessnetwork as a mesh router node in the first wireless network and a borderrouter node in the second wireless network (MR/BR node), where the MR/BRnode constitutes an interface between the first and second wirelessnetworks. The MR/BR node is configured to communicate with upstream anddownstream nodes in the first wireless network, and to communicate withdownstream nodes in the second wireless network. The exemplary methodalso includes assigning the MR/BR node with both a unique first addressin the first wireless network and a unique second address in the secondwireless network. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the MR/BRnode receives a first communication in the first wireless network viathe first address of the MR/BR node, and transmits the received firstcommunication to at least one of the second nodes in the second wirelessnetwork. Further, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the MR/BRnode receives a second communication in the second wireless network viathe second address of the MR/BR node, and transmits the received secondcommunication to at least one of the first nodes in the first wirelessnetwork.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Additional refinements, advantages and features of the presentdisclosure are described in more detail below with reference toexemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system including a mesh network configured forcommunicating with a cellular network, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing how layer 2 (L2) and layer 3 (L3)networks may be combined in operation in a Wi-SUN field area network,according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating how individual personal areanetworks (PANs) A, B and C of the L3 network can each be configured tooperate like a mesh network in a Wi-SUN field area network, according toan exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates a combination of an L2 mesh network as shown in FIG.2 with an L3 mesh network as shown in FIG. 3, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 5-12 illustrate exemplary embodiments of registration proceduresand routing procedures which are implemented in the combined system ofFIG. 4; and

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating structural features of a node inthe wireless communication system, according to an exemplary embodimentof the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system 100 including a mesh network configuredfor communicating with a cellular network, in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 1, a pluralityof nodes 101 are arranged in one or more LANs 102. In the example ofFIG. 1, nodes N-1 to N-9 are arranged in LAN 1, nodes N-7 to N-15 arearranged in LAN 2, and nodes N-13 to N-21 are arranged in LAN 3. Asillustrated, some of the nodes can be members of more than one LAN. Forinstance, nodes N-7 to N-9 are members of LAN 1 and LAN 2, and nodesN-13 to N-15 are members of LAN 2 and LAN 3. The LANs 102 illustrated inFIG. 1 are each respectively an example of a first wireless network asused herein.

The nodes 101 are each connected to one or more access points (AP) 103which are interfaces between the LANs 102 and a WAN 104 (e.g., acellular network managed by at least one cellular network provider). TheAPs 103 may be connected to one or more back office stations (BOS) orservers 105 via the WAN 104. The BOS 105 can function to distributecommands to the APs 103 and/or nodes 101, and to receive data from thenodes 101 and/or APs 103 via the WAN 104.

Each of the nodes 101 is configured to discover other nodes 101 and APs103 in the mesh network by listening to all neighbors with which it canset up links. The nodes 101 may then construct a routing table with anordered list of next hops and corresponding path costs (advertised costof egress by the next hop). The nodes 101 may register with theirupstream nodes as well as the APs 103. By registering with the APs 103,the nodes 101 can obtain a respectively unique network address for eachAP with which the nodes 101 register. For example, node N-5 can registerwith AP-1 and AP-2 to obtain (e.g., be assigned) two respectively uniquenetwork addresses, one based on the registration with AP-1 and anotherbased on the registration with AP-2. Node N-5 can receive its assignedaddresses when receiving registration acknowledgement or confirmationmessages from AP-1 and AP-2, respectively. Node N-5's addresses can, forexample, be based on a prefix respectively associated with theindividual APs and a unique identifier (e.g., MAC address) of the node.For example, node N-5 can have a first address based on a prefixassociated with AP-1 and the unique identifier of node N-5, and a secondaddress based on a prefix associated with AP-2 and the unique identifierof node N-5. The nodes 101 can register their address(es) with upstreamnodes 101 as well as the APs 103 and BOS 105. A node having multipleaddresses provides multiple routes to reach that node. In the aboveexample of node N-5 having two unique addresses, the BOS 105 cantransmit commands or data to node N-5 through the WAN 104 via AP-1 orvia AP-2.

The LANs 102 may be referred to as layer 2 (L2) networks, and the WAN(s)104 may be referred to as layer (L3) networks. FIG. 2 is a diagramshowing how L2 and L3 networks may be combined in operation in a Wi-SUNfield area network. In FIG. 2, there are three separate personal areanetworks (PANs) each supporting nodes in the field. The L3 networkincludes a plurality of leaf nodes (LNs) connected to a border routernode (BRN). The BRN is connected to the WAN backhaul (e.g., IPv4 (orIPv6) network interfacing the BOS via the Internet (the BOS may be aback end, head end or control center service, for example), and servesas an interface between the leaf nodes of the L3 network 210 and theWAN. The BRN treats the leaf nodes in the L3 networks as each being onehop away. In FIG. 2, the L3 networks (PAN A, PAN B, and PAN C) aredepicted as a routing view at the L3 level. In the L3 network, all nodesappear as one hop away.

In network L2 in FIG. 2, each node is a multi-hop connection to thenodes in the L3 network. In FIG. 2, the L2 network 220 has a meshnetwork structure similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1. Thus, an accesspoint node (APN) serves as an interface between the mesh network nodesof the L2 network 220, and the nodes of the L3 network 210.

In FIG. 2, the L2 network nodes includes two types of nodes: forwardingnodes (FNs), and leaf nodes (LNs). The forwarding nodes forward datafrom other nodes to the access point node. The leaf nodes are downstreamof the forwarding nodes. In FIG. 2, service advertisements are initiatedat the access point nodes and are propagated by the L2 mesh nodes toadvertise the access point nodes' services. With regard to serviceregistration, messages are sent from L2 nodes to join the L2 meshnetwork. In doing so, the L2 mesh nodes provide a unique identifier(e.g., the MAC address of the node) to join the network and obtainnetwork addresses (e.g., by assignment), as discussed above with respectto FIG. 1. Acknowledgement messages are then from one or more accesspoint nodes (with which the joining node is registering) to join themesh network. The acknowledgement message can identify the addressesassigned to the mesh nodes when they register with the access point nodeand join the L2 network. The address(es) assigned to each node can bebased on the nodes unique identifier, such as its MAC address. In FIG.2, upward forwarding from nodes in the L2 network to the access pointnode occurs along the path of service registration. Downward forwardingfrom the access point node to the downstream nodes in the L2 network isaccomplished by source route using the address(es) assigned to eachdownstream node (L2 addresses).

In FIG. 2, the combinations of L3 B and L2 B, and L3 C and L2 C operatesimilar to the combination of L3 A and L2 A, as shown in FIG. 2. Inoperation, the leaf nodes in L3 A operate as if each node in L2 A areone hop away. However, as is evident from the network architectureillustrated in FIG. 2, that is not the case. The nodes in L2 A and L3 Amust be able to communicate with each other's network. To accomplishthis, the nodes in the respective networks L2 and L3 must have nodesthat can communicate between the different networks. Further, the L3network can be made to operate like a mesh network, as shown in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the individual personal area networks (PANs) A, Band C of the L3 network can each be configured to operate like a meshnetwork in a Wi-SUN field area network. Like the mesh network L2 in FIG.2, the mesh L3 networks in FIG. 2 include leaf nodes and router nodes(distinguished by shading in FIG. 3). However, unlike the mesh networkL2 in FIG. 2, the individual PANs of the L3 network in FIG. 3 have aborder router node as the interface to the WAN backhaul, rather than anaccess point node. In FIG. 3, the WAN backhaul is an IPv4 or IPv6network interfacing the BOS (backend/head end/control center) via theInternet to the L3 nodes via a border router node. Similar to FIG. 2,PAN A, PAN B, and PAN C represent distinct personal area networks. InFIG. 3, the layer 3 networks under the border router nodes depict therouting view in the L3 network. Each router node or leaf node in the L3network appears in a multi-hop network within PAN A, PAN B or PAN C tothe respective border routers.

In FIG. 3, network forwarding for Wi-SUN L3 mesh routing is accomplishedin the upward (e.g., from a leaf node to the border router node) anddownward (e.g., from a border router node to a leaf node) directions. Inthe L3 mesh network illustrated in FIG. 3, upward forwarding from the L3nodes to the border router node is by rank (hops away from the borderrouter node). All upward forwarding must go to a neighbor that is oneless in rank than the forwarding device. Downward forwarding from theborder router node to the router nodes or leaf nodes is by source routeusing IP addresses (L3 addresses).

The nodes in private L2 networks and the nodes in public L3 networksmust be able to communicate with each other's network if there is to becooperation between the networks. To accomplish this, the nodes in therespective networks L2 and L3 must have nodes that can communicatebetween the different networks. The present disclosure provides atechnique of combining L2 and L3 networks to permit intercommunicationbetween the nodes in private L2 networks and the nodes in public L3networks.

FIG. 4 illustrates a combination of an L2 mesh network as shown in FIG.2 with an L3 mesh network as shown in FIG. 3. The exemplary embodimentof FIG. 4 introduces a new type of node that is not illustrated in FIGS.2 and 3: a layer 2 mesh router, layer 3 border router (L2 MR/L3 BR). InFIG. 4, the layer 3 leaf node (L3 LN) is a leaf node in the L3 meshnetwork, the layer 2 mesh router is the same as the forwarding node inFIG. 2, and the layer 3 mesh router (L3 MR) is the same as the routernode in FIG. 3. In the combined system, layer 2 mesh router, layer 3border router (L2 MR/L3 BR) node is a special construction node, and isprogrammed to know that it is a special construction node. The L2 meshrouter, L3 border router (L2 MR/L3 BR) nodes are interfaces between theL2 and L3 networks. According to an exemplary embodiment, the L2 meshrouter, L3 border router (L2 MR/L3 BR) nodes may perform channelhopping. Such channel hopping is not limited to frequency hopping.According to an exemplary embodiment, the layer 2 mesh router, layer 3border router (L2 MR/L3 BR) node is the only node in the combined systemthat has to know how to perform such channel hopping, because it isoperating according to two different network communication protocols,e.g., L2 mesh network addressing, and L3 addressing (IP addressing). Thechannel hopping utilized by the layer 2 mesh router, layer 3 borderrouter (L2 MR/L3 BR) node is independent of the L2 or L3 deviceaddressing or the communication or addressing protocol in use for eitherthe L2 or L3 network. In essence, the channel hopping utilized by thelayer 3 border router (L2 MR/L3 BR) is a variation on the physical media(e.g., frequency spectrums) in use for the respective networks. The L2mesh devices (e.g., L2 mesh router) and the L3 border router nodes mayor may not be operating using channel hopping.

FIGS. 5-12 illustrate exemplary embodiments of registration proceduresand routing procedures which are implemented in the combined system ofFIG. 4. In FIG. 5, arrow 1 pointing to the L2 mesh router/L3 borderrouter node identifies the L2 mesh router/L3 border router node that cancommunicate in both networks L2 and L3. The L2 mesh router/L3 borderrouter node registers with the L2 access point (with address 0x00136 . .. 01) when the L2 mesh router/L3 border router node joins the L2network. The L2 mesh router/L3 border router node will register its L2address with the L2 access point (and other neighbor nodes in the L2network) like all other L2 nodes, but the L2 mesh router/L3 borderrouter node will also register its L3 network address, as well as theprefix it will support, to the IP forwarding table supporting the L2access point. Thus, the L2 mesh router/L3 border router node can serveas an interface between the L2 and L3 networks when the access point inthe L2 network receives a packet from the WAN targeted to a node withaddress 2001::35, for example. In other words, as indicated in FIG. 5,the L2 mesh router, L3 border router node with MAC address 0x00136 . . .07 joins the L2 mesh network by registering with the access point nodeof the L2 node as a forwarding node for the L3 network. Thus, node2001::7 has registered with the access point in the L2 network as thegateway to the Layer 3 sub-network. The nodes with addresses 2001::16,2001::25 and 2001::35 have registered their addresses with the AP with agateway as 0x00136 . . . 07 (2001::7). The aforementioned example isbased on using the same 2001::prefix for both the L2 mesh devices andthe L3 mesh devices. The present disclosure is not limited to thisexample. A different prefix can be allocated to the L2 mesh devices thanthe prefix allocated to the L3 mesh devices, and the registrationprocess with the L2 access point can thereby be simplified so that onlyone entry in the IP forwarding table of the L2 access point that givesthe prefix in use in the L3 mesh network. In this case, the L2 meshrouter/L3 border router node will have two IP addresses, one using theprefix in use for the L2 mesh network, and another one using the prefixin use for the L3 mesh network. When a different prefix is used for theL2 and L3 mesh devices, there is only one registration process thatneeds to occur when the L2 mesh router/L3 border router node begins tooperate in its specialized function as the L2 mesh router/L3 borderrouter node. A tradeoff with using different prefixes is that packetswould have to be downward routed to the L3 border router before it canbe known that a destination address is unreachable, as opposed to havingthe packet returned by the L2 access point who would know if aparticular L3 mesh device was registered if the same prefix was used forboth L2 and L3 devices. The present disclosure allows for information tobe shared outside of the L2 mesh network to a device that is capable offorwarding the IP packets with a mechanism to reach devices in the L3mesh network.

FIGS. 6-9 illustrate routing procedures in the combined system. Asdesignated by arrow 2 in FIG. 6, the access point of AP finds 2001::35is reachable through the AP with a Layer 2 gateway of 0x00136 . . . 07.This operation illustrates a new protocol addition, because the nodewith MAC address 0x00136 . . . 07 registers with Access Point as agateway to a Layer 3 mesh subnetwork via MAC address 0x00136 . . . 07.

FIG. 7 illustrates the establishment of a standard L3 mesh network. Inparticular, as shown by arrow 3 in FIG. 7, the L2 mesh router/L3 borderrouter node with device address 2001::7 is a border router and createsan L3 Mesh subnetwork. The node with address 2001::16 joins the L3 Mesh.Nodes 2001::25 and 2001::35 similarly join the L3 mesh. Likewise, theun-numbered devices in the L3 mesh subnetwork join the L3 mesh. Inaccordance with the depiction in FIG. 7, the access point source routesfrom 0x00136 . . . 01 (itself), 0x00136 . . . 05, 0x00136 . . . 07(gateway).

FIG. 8 illustrates a new protocol addition, where the node with IPaddress 2001::7 (i.e., the L2 mesh router, L3 border router) sends amessage to the L2 access point registering node 2001::16 as accessiblevia the gateway of 2001::7 (L2 mesh node with MAC address 0x00136 . . .07). Node 2001::25 and 2001::35 join the Layer 3 mesh subnetwork and arereported to the access point, accessible via gateway 2001::7. Inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure providesfor the ability to register a whole range of addresses (e.g., 2001::1 to2001::64), where different prefixes can be used outside the L3 mesh. Theuse of different prefixes between the devices of the L2 mesh network andthe devices of the L3 mesh network achieve the advantages as describedabove. Using different prefixes with the L2 and L3 mesh devices avoidshaving to register every address in the L3 mesh network.

FIG. 9 illustrates a downward routing example where the access pointreceives a packet from the WAN targeted to 2001::35. In FIG. 10, theaccess point finds that address 2001::35 is reachable through the accesspoint with a Layer 2 gateway of 0x00136 . . . 07. Next, in FIG. 11, theaccess point with address 0x00136 . . . 01 routes to the node withaddress 0x00136 . . . 05, which in turn routes to the node with address0x01036 . . . 07, i.e., the L2 mesh router, L3 border router node.

In FIG. 12, arrow 4 illustrates L3 mesh routing where the L2 meshrouter, L3 border router node extracts the IP packet and finds that thedestination is 2001::35, thereby resulting in new packet forwardingadded to the L2 mesh. In FIG. 12, arrows 5 represent L3 mesh routing inwhich the L2 mesh router, L3 border router node with address 2001::7routes via the layer 3 mesh to the node with address 2001::25, which inturn routes to the node with address 2001::35.

In the above examples illustrated in FIGS. 9-12, the access pointreceives a packet from the WAN targeted to a node with address 2001::35.The L2 mesh router, L3 border router node with address 2001::7 hasregistered with the access point as the gateway to the Layer 3sub-network. The nodes with 2001::16, 2001::25 and 2001::35 haveregistered their addresses with the access point with a gateway asaddress 0x00136 . . . 07 (2001::7). As noted above, the presentdisclosure provides for the use of different prefixes between thedevices of the L2 mesh network and the devices of the L3 mesh network,which avoids having to register every address in the L3 mesh network.The forwarding/routing process then proceeds as discussed above withrespect to FIGS. 10-12. The examples of FIGS. 9-12 illustrate downwardrouting. Forward/upward routing would operate in a similar manner in thecombined system. In particular, forward/upward routing would involve IPforwarding to the L2 mesh router, L3 border router node, then L2 meshforwarding to the access point in the L2 network, and then forwarding tothe destination.

The foregoing exemplary embodiments of the wireless communication systemwere described with respect to the features that the nodes in thewireless communication system perform. FIG. 13 is a block diagram of thestructural features of a node in the wireless communication systemaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As anexample, the structural features of a node 101 in the mesh network ofFIG. 1 (L2 network in FIG. 2) is illustrated in FIG. 13. The nodes inthe L3 network as well as the border router node, access point node,MR/BR node, and back office server (BOS) can have a similar structure tothe node 101 illustrated in FIG. 13.

As shown in FIG. 13, the node 101 includes a processing unit 110, acommunication unit 120, an input unit 130, and a memory slot 140. Theprocessing unit 110 includes a processor 111, a read-only memory (ROM)112, a random access memory (RAM) 113, a memory unit 114, a receptionunit 115, and a transmission unit 116. The processor 111 controls theaggregate functions of each component of the node 101. The processor 111may include a general-purpose processor such as an ARM, Intel or AMDprocessor, and/or an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).

The ROM 112 stores programs, such as an operating system andcomputer-readable application programs, and logic instructions which areexecuted by the processor 111. The memory unit 114 is a non-volatilememory which can also record computer-readable application programs tobe executed by the processor 111. The memory slot 140 is configured toreceive a removable non-volatile memory card and/or disc insertedtherein, such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, BD-ROM, flash memory, opticalmemory, etc. The memory slot 140 communicatively couples terminals ofthe removable memory card/disc to the processing unit 110 to provide thecomponents of the processing unit 110 access to data and applicationprograms recorded on the memory card/disc, and to store data thereon.The RAM 113 is used as a working memory by the processor 111 whenexecuting the programs and logic instructions recorded in the ROM 112,memory unit 114 and/or memory card/disc inserted into the memory slot140. The ROM 112, memory unit 114 and memory card/disc inserted into thememory slot 140 are examples of a non-transitory computer-readablerecording medium on which an operating system and/or applicationprograms of the node 101 can be recorded and executed by the processor111. The processor 111 is configured to communicate with any of thesecomputer-readable recording media and thus is communicatively connectedto these computer-readable media.

The reception unit 115 receives data from the communication unit 120 andforwards the received data to the processor 111 for appropriateprocessing. The transmission unit 116 receives data that is instructedto be sent to the communication unit 120 by the processor 111, andtransmits the instructed data to the communication unit 120.

The communication unit 120 is an interface (e.g., transceiver) betweenthe node 101 and other nodes in the wireless network(s) in which thenode is assigned an address, such as forwarding nodes, leaf nodes,border router nodes, and access point nodes. The communication unit 120can transmit data to one or more nodes as individual messages, amulticast message or a broadcast message. The communication unit 120also receives data and/or instructions from other nodes in the wirelessnetwork. Received data and/or instructions are forwarded to theprocessor 111 by the reception unit 115.

The input unit 130 can include keys and pointing devices that can bemanipulated by an operator of the node 101. For example, the input unit130 can include a QWERTY keyboard, a trackball or similar selecting andpointing device, a number pad, etc. The input unit 130 can include adisplay device configured to visually display an input received by suchkeys and/or pointing devices. The input unit 130 can also include amulti-input touch screen with a virtual keyboard and buttons representedin a graphical user interface (GUI). Operating instructions received bythe input unit 130 are forwarded to the processor unit 111.

As noted above, the nodes in the L3 network as well as the border routernode, access point node, MR/BR node, and back office server (BOS) canhave a similar structure to the node 101 illustrated in FIG. 13. Fornodes that are configured to communicate with other nodes in more thanone network, the communication unit of such multi-network nodes can beembodied as a single transceiver configured to communicate with multiplenetworks. Alternatively, the communication unit of multi-network nodescan be embodied as separate transceivers each respectively configured tocommunicate with one or more of the networks with which themulti-network node can communicate. The back office server (BOS) may bedistributed across multiple devices in multiple locations.

In addition to providing a wireless communication system in accordancewith the above-described exemplary embodiments, the present disclosurealso provides a method of operating such a wireless communicationsystem. In the exemplary method of the present disclosure, the wirelesscommunication system includes features of the above-described exemplaryembodiments (e.g., FIG. 4). In accordance with an exemplary embodiment,the method includes assigning at least one of the first nodes in thefirst wireless network as a mesh router node in the first wirelessnetwork and a border router node in the second wireless network (MR/BRnode), where the MR/BR node constitutes an interface between the firstand second wireless networks. The MR/BR node is configured tocommunicate with upstream and downstream nodes in the first wirelessnetwork, and to communicate with downstream nodes in the second wirelessnetwork. The exemplary method also includes assigning the MR/BR nodewith both a unique first address in the first wireless network and aunique second address in the second wireless network. In accordance withan exemplary embodiment, the MR/BR node receives a first communicationin the first wireless network via the first address of the MR/BR node,and transmits the received first communication to at least one of thesecond nodes in the second wireless network. Further, in accordance withan exemplary embodiment, the MR/BR node receives a second communicationin the second wireless network via the second address of the MR/BR node,and transmits the received second communication to at least one of thefirst nodes in the first wireless network. The exemplary method of thepresent disclosure can also include features of the exemplaryembodiments of the wireless communication system as described above.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the disclosedembodiments can be embodied in other specific forms without departingfrom the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presentlydisclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to beillustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicatedby the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and allchanges that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereofare intended to be embraced therein. In the claims, the word“comprising” or “including” does not exclude other elements or steps,and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. Asingle processor or controller or other unit may fulfil the functions ofseveral items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measuresare recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicatethat a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless communication system for communicatingbetween wireless networks, the wireless communication system comprising:a first wireless network having a plurality of first nodes configured tocommunicate with each other over the first wireless network, each of theplurality of first nodes in the first wireless network having arespectively unique first address in the first wireless network; asecond wireless network having a plurality of second nodes configured tocommunicate with each other over the second wireless network, the secondwireless network being distinct from the first wireless network, each ofthe plurality of second nodes in the second wireless network having arespectively unique second address in the second wireless network; aborder router node constituting an interface between the plurality ofsecond nodes in the second wireless network and a third wireless networkdistinct from the first and second wireless networks, each of theplurality of second nodes in the second wireless network being one hopaway from the border router node, respectively; and at least one accesspoint constituting an interface between the plurality of first nodes ofthe first wireless network and the third wireless network, wherein atleast one of the first nodes in the first wireless network is a meshrouter node in the first wireless network and a border router node inthe second wireless network (MR/BR node), the MR/BR node constituting aninterface between the first and second wireless networks, the MR/BR nodebeing configured to communicate with upstream and downstream nodes inthe first wireless network, and to communicate with downstream nodes inthe second wireless network, wherein the MR/BR node has both a uniquefirst address in the first wireless network and a unique second addressin the second wireless network, and wherein the MR/BR node is configuredto receive a first communication in the first wireless network via thefirst address of the MR/BR node and transmit the received firstcommunication to at least one of the second nodes in the second wirelessnetwork, and to receive a second communication in the second wirelessnetwork via the second address of the MR/BR node and transmit thereceived second communication to at least one of the first nodes in thefirst wireless network.
 2. The wireless communication system accordingto claim 1, wherein the first wireless network is a private network, andthe second wireless network is a public network.
 3. The wirelesscommunication system according to claim 2, wherein the second wirelessnetwork is a cellular network.
 4. The wireless communication systemaccording to claim 2, wherein the second wireless network is theInternet.
 5. The wireless communication system according to claim 1,comprising: a back office configured to transmit first commands to thefirst nodes in the first wireless network via the at least one accesspoint, to transmit second commands to the second nodes in the firstwireless network via the border router node, to receive first responsesfrom the first nodes in the first wireless network via the at least oneaccess point, and to receive second responses from the second nodes inthe second wireless network via the border router node.
 6. The wirelesscommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality offirst nodes in the first wireless network are each respectively one of aleaf node and a forwarding node in the first wireless network, whereinthe forwarding node is an intermediary node between the at least oneaccess point and at least one leaf node in the first wireless network,and wherein the leaf node is a downstream node that is not anintermediary node for another node in the first wireless network.
 7. Thewireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein each of theplurality of first nodes of the first wireless network is configured toregister with the at least one access point when each of the first nodesrespectively joins the first wireless network, and wherein each firstnode in the first wireless network is assigned a respectively uniquefirst address based on a unique identifier of that first node and the atleast one access point with which the first node registered.
 8. Thewireless communication system according to claim 7, wherein each secondnode in the second wireless network is assigned a respectively uniquesecond address based on a unique identifier of that second node and theborder router node, and wherein each second node in the second wirelessnetwork downstream of the MR/BR node is configured to register therespectively unique second address of that second node with the MR/BRnode upon registering with the MR/BR node, and wherein the MR/BR node isconfigured to register the respectively unique second address of eachsecond node that registered with the MR/BR node, with the at least oneaccess point such that the at least one access point can route, via theMR/BR node, communications addressed to at least one second node in thesecond wireless network whose unique second address is registered withthe MR/BR node.
 9. The wireless communication system according to claim1, wherein each second node in the second wireless network is assigned arespectively unique second address based on a unique identifier of thatsecond node and the border router node, and wherein each first node inthe first wireless network is assigned a respectively unique addressbased on a unique identifier of that first node and the at least oneaccess point.
 10. The wireless communication system according to claim9, wherein each first node in the first wireless network downstream ofthe MR/BR node is configured to register the respectively unique firstaddress of that first node with the MR/BR node upon registering with theMR/BR node, and wherein the MR/BR node is configured to register therespectively unique first address of each first node that registeredwith the MR/BR node, with the border router node such that the borderrouter node can route, via the MR/BR node, communications addressed toat least one first node in the first wireless network whose unique firstaddress is registered with the MR/BR node.
 11. The wirelesscommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the MR/BR node isconfigured to receive, via the first address of the MR/BR node, thefirst communication in the first wireless network from the at least oneaccess point, and to transmit the received first communication to atleast one of the second nodes in the second wireless network.
 12. Thewireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein the MR/BRnode is configured to receive, via the first address of the MR/BR node,the first communication in the first wireless network from at least oneother first node in the first wireless network downstream of the MR/BRnode, and to transmit the received first communication to at least oneof the second nodes in the second wireless network.
 13. The wirelesscommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the MR/BR node isconfigured to receive, via the second address of the MR/BR node, thesecond communication in the second wireless network from the borderrouter node, and to transmit the received second communication to atleast one of the first nodes in the first wireless network.
 14. Thewireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein the MR/BRnode is configured to receive, via the second address of the MR/BR node,the second communication in the second wireless network from at leastone second node in the second wireless network downstream of the MR/BRnode, and to transmit the received second communication to at least oneof the first nodes in the first wireless network.
 15. A method ofcommunicating in a wireless communication system, the wirelesscommunication system including: a first wireless network having aplurality of first nodes configured to communicate with each other overthe first wireless network, each of the plurality of first nodes in thefirst wireless network having a respectively unique first address in thefirst wireless network; a second wireless network having a plurality ofsecond nodes configured to communicate with each other over the secondwireless network, the second wireless network being distinct from thefirst wireless network, each of the plurality of second nodes in thesecond wireless network having a respectively unique second address inthe second wireless network; a border router node constituting aninterface between the plurality of second nodes in the second wirelessnetwork and a third wireless network distinct from the first and secondwireless networks, each of the plurality of second nodes in the secondwireless network being one hop away from the border router node,respectively; and at least one access point constituting an interfacebetween the plurality of first nodes of the first wireless network andthe third wireless network, wherein the method comprises: assigning atleast one of the first nodes in the first wireless network as a meshrouter node in the first wireless network and a border router node inthe second wireless network (MR/BR node), the MR/BR node constituting aninterface between the first and second wireless networks, the MR/BR nodebeing configured to communicate with upstream and downstream nodes inthe first wireless network, and to communicate with downstream nodes inthe second wireless network; assigning the MR/BR node with both a uniquefirst address in the first wireless network and a unique second addressin the second wireless network; by the MR/BR node, receiving a firstcommunication in the first wireless network via the first address of theMR/BR node, and transmitting the received first communication to atleast one of the second nodes in the second wireless network; and by theMR/BR node, receiving a second communication in the second wirelessnetwork via the second address of the MR/BR node, and transmitting thereceived second communication to at least one of the first nodes in thefirst wireless network.
 16. The method according to claim 15, whereinthe first wireless network is a private network, and the second wirelessnetwork is a public network.
 17. The method according to claim 16,wherein the second wireless network is a cellular network.
 18. Themethod according to claim 16, wherein the second wireless network is theInternet.
 19. The method according to claim 15, comprising:transmitting, by a back office of the wireless communication system,first commands to the first nodes in the first wireless network via theat least one access point; transmitting, by the back office, secondcommands to the second nodes in the first wireless network via theborder router node; receiving, by the back office, first responses fromthe first nodes in the first wireless network via the at least oneaccess point; and receiving, by the back office, second responses fromthe second nodes in the second wireless network via the border routernode.
 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the plurality offirst nodes in the first wireless network are each respectively one of aleaf node and a forwarding node in the first wireless network, whereinthe forwarding node is an intermediary node between the at least oneaccess point and at least one leaf node in the first wireless network,and wherein the leaf node is a downstream node that is not anintermediary node for another node in the first wireless network. 21.The method according to claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of firstnodes of the first wireless network registers with the at least oneaccess point when each of the first nodes respectively joins the firstwireless network, and wherein each first node in the first wirelessnetwork is assigned a respectively unique first address based on aunique identifier of that first node and the at least one access pointwith which the first node registered.
 22. The method according to claim21, wherein each second node in the second wireless network is assigneda respectively unique second address based on a unique identifier ofthat second node and the border router node, wherein each second node inthe second wireless network downstream of the MR/BR node registers therespectively unique second address of that second node with the MR/BRnode upon registering with the MR/BR node, and wherein the MR/BR noderegisters the respectively unique second address of each second nodethat registered with the MR/BR node, with the at least one access pointsuch that the at least one access point can route, via the MR/BR node,communications addressed to at least one second node in the secondwireless network whose unique second address is registered with theMR/BR node.
 23. The method according to claim 15, wherein each secondnode in the second wireless network is assigned a respectively uniquesecond address based on a unique identifier of that second node and theborder router node, and wherein each first node in the first wirelessnetwork is assigned a respectively unique address based on a uniqueidentifier of that first node and the at least one access point.
 24. Themethod according to claim 23, wherein each first node in the firstwireless network downstream of the MR/BR node registers the respectivelyunique first address of that first node with the MR/BR node uponregistering with the MR/BR node, and wherein the MR/BR node registersthe respectively unique first address of each first node that registeredwith the MR/BR node, with the border router node such that the borderrouter node can route, via the MR/BR node, communications addressed toat least one first node in the first wireless network whose unique firstaddress is registered with the MR/BR node.
 25. The method according toclaim 15, wherein the MR/BR node receives, via the first address of theMR/BR node, the first communication in the first wireless network fromthe at least one access point, and transmits the received firstcommunication to at least one of the second nodes in the second wirelessnetwork.
 26. The method according to claim 15, wherein the MR/BR nodereceives, via the first address of the MR/BR node, the firstcommunication in the first wireless network from at least one otherfirst node in the first wireless network downstream of the MR/BR node,and transmits the received first communication to at least one of thesecond nodes in the second wireless network.
 27. The method according toclaim 15, wherein the MR/BR node receives, via the second address of theMR/BR node, the second communication in the second wireless network fromthe border router node, and transmits the received second communicationto at least one of the first nodes in the first wireless network. 28.The method according to claim 15, wherein the MR/BR node receives, viathe second address of the MR/BR node, the second communication in thesecond wireless network from at least one second node in the secondwireless network downstream of the MR/BR node, and transmits thereceived second communication to at least one of the first nodes in thefirst wireless network.